SCOPE OF THE STUDY This study was conducted under the leadership and coordination of the Strategic Plan of San Cristobal, in order to identify specifically what the priorities of the urban area of \u200b\u200bthe municipality header so that it can develop an accurate investment both by the CFSP and other institutions interested in the proper development of the municipality.
As discussed in the first paragraph, the study is applied solely on the urban area of \u200b\u200bthe capital municipality except the community of Hatillo, officially considered rural.
DIVISION OF AREAS
For this study has made a strategic division of the urban area of \u200b\u200bthe municipality and Hatillo in nine areas according to their proximity and similarities
neighborhoods exhibit, under environmental conditions and life.
The idea of \u200b\u200bthis division is to establish development guidelines for population groups from a knowledge specific reality of these groups.
The first area is formed by the neighborhoods Lavapié, Pueblo Nuevo, CONANI, El Cerro, Cañada Honda and Sainaguá. Zone 2 are the neighborhoods of San Isidro, San
Lazarus and the Nova.
It is followed by zone 3 to 5 April neighborhoods, Agriculture, Puerto Rico, Moscow, Foundation, The Molina.
Zone 4, one of the most vulnerable areas of the municipality is made up of the Green Zone, syringes and Flores.
Zone 5 consists of the entire set of neighborhoods that make up what is known as Madre Vieja Sur, but it is officially divided into several districts: South Madre Vieja, Private Sanchez Widening Constitution Zanten Private IY II, III Private Zanten, Doña Chucha.
Zone 6 is known as City Center.
Zone 7 covers the entire Old Mother North
the 8 section Hatillo analyzed and finally
zone 9 contains the neighborhood Basket.
All indicators, or at least most, are presented in the report broken down by location so that it is fairly easy to plan the development of each end for a municipality where they are adequate living conditions in both socially and economically, for the people.
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OVERVIEW
The Municipality of San Cristobal is the capital of the province San Cristobal. The province of San Cristobal was originally the name of Trujillo Province, which was founded on 11 November 1932. After the death of Trujillo, 28 September 1961, he placed the name of San Cristobal province.
Prior to the categorization as Trujillo province (which included the provinces of San Cristóbal today and Monte plant) and Monte Plata San Cristobal were communes belonging to the province of Santo Domingo.
In 1992 the municipality of Monte plant becomes San Cristobal province and reduce their territorial remaining within it 8 municipalities: San Cristóbal (city head), Bajos de Haina, Cambita Garabito, The Cocoa, Sabana Grande de Palenque, San Gregorio de Nigua, Villa Altagracia and Yaguate.
Geographically the province is located south of the Dominican Republic, specifically in the region of Valdesia. It is the first province south of the country. Its northern border provinces and Monsignor Nouel Monte Plata (northeast) to the east with the province of Santo Domingo, on the south by the Caribbean Sea and west by the provinces Peravia and San José de Ocoa.
Foothills of the Cordillera Central are occupying much of the province, especially in the north and west. On the border with Monte Plata province is the Sierra de Yamasá. There are also other small elevations to the east and south (the Lomas de Duveaux, south of Yaguate). It has many microclimates, which favors agriculture. The average annual precipitation (rain) is 1.500 cubic millimeters. The population density of 421 inhabitants per km2.
The main rivers in the province are the Haina River, which forms the eastern boundary of the province, the Nizao, which forms the boundary with the province Peravia, and Nigua. Other rivers are Mana, Yubazo (or White), La Toma and streams Itabo, Sainaguá and Najayo.
main economic activities of the province are the industry (in San Cristobal and free zones of Bajos de Haina, Nigua and Villa Altagracia), small-scale agriculture (except for citrus plantations in Villa Altagracia and coffee in the mountains) and port (in Netherlands Haina).
has an intense tourist activity, especially domestic tourists. The main centers are Najayo and Palenque beaches and resorts of La Toma and Haina rivers and Nice. The Municipality header, San Cristobal is located in a small valley at the foot of the mountains of the Cordillera Central, between the rivers Nigua and Nice.
COMPONENT POPULATION BY SEX, AGE AND NEIGHBORHOOD
In the Dominican Republic, as well as in several Latin American countries, has been developing a process of urbanization. The population went from a distribution of 83% rural and 17% urban in 1920 to be 36% rural and 64% urban in 2002.
country's average growth from 1920 to 2002 was a 2.7. It is important to note that the national growth rate has been decreasing since 1950 (3.61) to 2002 (1.78). Along with the decrease in the rate of population growth, there was a nationwide decline in total fertility rate (TFR). If children-s 3.0 per woman in 2000-2003 according to 2002 census to 2.4 children per woman-as in 2005-2007 as ENDESA 2007 (CESDEM, 2007). Internally
the province of San Cristobal, operated a population growth higher than the rest of the country. Although the rate of growth has slowed in the section 1981-2002, the growth rate has been higher than the national average. It is quite possible that the explanation for this phenomenon is due to net migration is positive in the province and one of the highest in the country.
From 1993 to 2002 the urban population grew at a rate of 3.3% and rural at a rate of 2.0%. From 1960 to 2002 this growth was 5.4% for the urban population and 1.8% for rural1 According to National Census of Population and Housing 2002 (CNP 2002, San Cristobal is the cuartaprovincia in population, with an approximate total of 532.880 people. This represents 6.22% of the Dominican population. San Cristobal is also one of the provinces with the highest percentage of rural population.
shows how the country has a tendency towards a relationship from 1964 to 1936 urban (urban-rural respectively). However, in San Cristobal province has a 51-49 ratio (urban- rural respectively), a different relationship to the country that deserves particular public policies. This relationship does not exist in all municipalities. In the municipality header (main purpose of this study) shows that the ratio is almost equal to that of the country: 62% urban and 38% rural.
Other municipalities in the province of San Cristobal (except Bajos de Haina) have a greater weight in relation to the rural than in urban areas, the most extreme case being the Municipal District Track (belonging to the village of Haina) , with 92.52% rural population. The Error! Can not find the source of reference.
shows the urban-rural relationship of the other municipalities in the province.
Before turning to the analysis of the situation to the internal population of the province, it is important to note variations in some vital statistics. Between 2001 and 2005, there was a reduction of births to 15.211 to 11.405. These data confirm the trend of reducing the birth rate in the province. In addition delnúmero birth, has significantly reduced the number of canonical marriages of 304 in 2001 to 67 in 2005 but have increased civil marriages in 2001 to 1.873 1.479 in 2005.
For 2007, the National Bureau of Statistics projected that the province of San Cristobal have 598.922 inhabitants, which means a growth rate from 2002 to 2007
of 2.36%. This projection confirms the reduction growth rate has been observed in recent years.
The population of the capital municipality of San Cristobal, which bears the same name, consists of 220.767 people, of which 109.186 are men, ie 49% and 111.581
women, 51%.
Table 1 shows the distribution of the population of the districts investigated according to the group by area for this study.
is evidence that more than 60% of the population of the municipality's urban area, is concentrated in five districts (New Town, North Old Mother, Mother Old South, Downtown and
basket).
1 Information obtained from Census 1960, 1970, 1983, 1993 and 2002
Education Areas with the highest illiteracy rates are 3, 4, 7 and 8. The illiteracy rate
observed in women is higher than that of men
.
In general, the highest level of study that reaches the population is the basic. In zones 1, 2 and 4 is greater than the number of people who only reach this level. Zone 6 is the one with higher levels of education in the degree achieved.
areas with fewer college students are 8 and 4 (they are also the poorest areas) with a rate of 6.49% and 8.62% respectively. From the gender perspective is a continued prevalence of women in all areas that are, in general, 57.30% of the university population. From
own survey, conducted in different areas, confirming the prevalence of public sector of education but with different weights.
For example, in zones 4, 7, 8 and 9 students who attend public schools exceeded 90%. Only in zones 2 and 6, we find values \u200b\u200bless than 80%. Semi-public schools represent the smallest sector of education regarding the number of students. Comprises only about 1%.
As for the quality of education, notes that the repetition rate of women is always lower than that of men.
In some areas the gap is larger, as in the case of zones 2, 4, 6, 8 and 9. In other areas the difference becomes smaller until the minimum point in Zone 4. The area has the highest repetition rate is 3.
In zones 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 repetition rate is lower than the national,
while in zones 3, 5, 7 and 9 as above but remains below average
municipal provincial. Zone 3 is the one with the lowest level of repetition
registered, 10.76%, which surpasses all other areas, placing
above average provincial.
Disaggregating the repetition rate by area and basic level, it appears that
most affected areas are the 3, 9, 5 and 7. All
exceed 11% of repeaters.
data from the survey we conducted for the purpose of this study
have to zone 5 with the highest repetition rate above 14%.
In zone 8 repeaters only report women. In the rest of the area
confirms the prevalence of male repetition. This
levels for primary, secondary and tertiary.
An interesting and difficult to interpret is the high number of students who left his career in zone 6 (15.68%), which until now was one of the areas that had had the best results with respect to education indicators compared to other areas.
The other areas are maintained between the 9.18 and 12.21%, with the exception of
zones 1 and 7 characterized by a dropout rate of 7.99 and 8.09%, respectively
.
The main flaw in the education sector in San Cristobal,
identified by the focus group, especially by media officials
public and private schools is the high dropout rate of students-as in age between 8
17.
The main reasons for dropout children and
adolescents in the municipality of San Cristobal, as counted-as-as
experts consulted-as they are related to economic factors.
hypothesis that survey data seem to confirm. Health
On the issue of reproductive health, 64.4% of those female respondents in February 2008, has ever been pregnant. 1.0% had no living children, and those who have been living children, the highest frequencies are those who have had 1, 2 and 3 children: 28.5, 25.6 and 24.4% respectively. The same research indicates that in the province of San Cristobal on 22.3% of women aged 15-19 have ever been pregnant or are already mothers, higher than the national average for that same age group, which is 20.6%.
According to the areas proposed for this study, it appears that there is some relationship between lower levels of poverty and greater possibility of children-as-as live-born ace. In three areas the highest frequency of live births is three: In zones 5, 6 and 8. The first two being those with lower levels of poverty throughout the municipality.
Zone 2 is more often the two children and the five remaining areas as often as a child is a born-to-live-a, among which are the four areas with higher rates of poverty and indigence : Zones 4, 8, 3 and 7.
As to diseases, la diarrea es uno de los principales flagelos
de salud que experimenta la población infantil menor de 5 años en República Dominicana.
La encuesta arrojó que el 17.4% de los-las niños-as sufrió de diarrea dentro de los últimos 15 días previo a la realización de la misma. Igual ocurrió con un 19.8% que tuvo diarrea más de 15 días, pero menos de tres meses antes. Un 62.8% tuvo diarrea hace más de tres meses o nunca ha tenido. Según los datos recogidos en la encuesta el 14.8% de los menores de 5 años sufrió otra enfermedad en el mes previo a la realización de la misma.
Quienes estuvieron enfermos en los últimos tres mesespadecieron fundamentalmente tres diseases: colds, flu or sore throat
, the 57.69%, measles, rubella or varicella, 21.15%, and dengue,
11.54%, while the incidence of parasites have only 3.85%.
Who took their children to a hospital, clinic or other health facility to control growth in the 12 months preceding the survey, did
in a 43.37% once or twice, while 33.73% did a 3 to 5 times.
A 7.23% brought their children-as 6 or more times to control growth.
At 46.77% of cases, treatment was done by a medical professional. In a high 38.71%, parents took their children under 5 years the doctor for diarrhea. A 3.23% was treated by health care workers, nurses or a friend or relative. Who used other routes accounted for 6.45%. The most used area hospital to deal with these cases was 4, followed by the 8.
Turning to review the general accounts of the health sector, we need the
hospitals belonging to the Ministry of Public Health and Welfare (SESPAS) involving a total of 255.944 in 2007 for consultations throughout the province of San Cristobal This figure equates to 0.48 visits per person. As for emergencies, SESPAS hospitals in the province registered a total of 292.657 in 2007 (123.130 in the Juan Pablo Pina Hospital), an increase of 18.821 over 2006.
The number of beds available to the SESPAS for 2007 was 347, a slight decrease
to 350 in 2006. The 55.61% (193) of all hospital beds for the Juan Pablo Pina Hospital. This means that in the province of San Cristobal has a bed for every 1,535.68 inhabitants / as.
survey was conducted in five major health facilities, both public and private, which are: Juan Pablo Pina Hospital, Hospital Rafael J. Xviii Constitution Medical Center (CEMEC), Dr. González Binet Clinic and Dispensary Our Lady of Peace.
This survey was that the number of beds available is equivalent to 363, 56 clinics, 14 dental units, 4 laboratories, and blood banks
2. Precisely the lack of blood banks is a major complaint
from the standpoint of equipment, the
health centers in San Cristobal.
These five health centers have a total of 135 doctors, of whom 102 are specialists. The bioanalysts are 18, all graduates. Have 7 technicians in radiology and RX, a dental staff of 18 people, including 12 graduates and 6 assistants, one person in Environmental Health (Another of the frequent complaints among medical staff of the municipality, the health problems associated with poor environmental quality), a pharmacy staff of 9 persons, 6 Mental Health (all graduates), and 67 nurses (29 graduates and 38 assistants).
A 30.4% of those who were consulted on whether they had medical insurance in the municipality
yes (26.5% nationally in the ENDESA 2007), while 69.6% responded negatively. Among those who have health insurance, the most popular are those of the Dominican Social Security Institute (IDSS), the National Health Insurance (SENASA) and private insurance. The provision of National Health Insurance is still insufficient. The poorest areas, including 4 and 8, are at the greatest number of beneficiaries in insurance. Have these areas over 67% of people without insurance, leading to extreme cases such as Zone 7, with a 78.2% uninsured.
In zones 7 and 3, including the five classified as poor, the
percentage of people with insurance is around 20%. In zone 4,
the poorest, is less than 30%, while in other areas remains
between 30 and 33%.
The only exception is the center of the city (zone 6) in which 37.42% of residents-as-as have some type health insurance.
The 79.7% of the responses received indicate that in case of illness and need medical care, people in the first instance
attend a public hospital, while 18.3% would do to a private clinic.
A low 2.1% said other options, such as sub-health center,
clinic, pharmacy, healer, your house or an individual. Those
consulting for the month prior to the survey conducted in February 2008 was 13.6%. The most common reasons given for not consulting a health facility were: 42.86% A assume that it was unnecessary and a 32.14% failure having money.
Other indications cited were the preferred home remedies (8.93%), no drugs (5.36%), and no nearby health services, no health insurance and other reasons, each with 3.57%. Disease and recurrent health problems to have attended a health facility were: hypertension, diabetes, respiratory distress / asthma, tonsillitis / bronchitis, pneumonia / broncho, severe diarrhea, hepatitis / pancreatitis / gastritis /, infections, arthritis / rheumatism and febrile illness.
who made some disease or health consultation for the last time
were hospitalized in 22.3% of cases. Those who do consult a doctor, a health establishment or drugs they were prescribed in 79.16% of cases. The most frequent place for obtaining prescription drugs was the private pharmacy, a 56.07% of cases, follows the public pharmacy, with 24.30% and where the patient was treated with 17.76%.
In most of the nine areas it was the common pattern, except
zone 2, where there was a slight tendency to get drugs in public pharmacies were an important source of medicines. Also in zones 8 and 7, respectively, 42.86% and 37.50% of cases. Who took
their children to a hospital, clinic or other health
setting to control growth in the 12 months preceding the survey,
did a 43.37% once or twice, while 33.73% did a 3 to 5
times. A 7.23% brought their children-as 6 or more times to control growth. Of concern is the data of zone 2 where none of the parents interviewed had taken-as children under 5 years in the same condition are 33.33% of cases of zone 4. In zones 5 and 6 there were no cases in which children-as-as they were not brought to any control of growth.
These figures show the importance of public health for San Cristobal.
strengthen the public will enhance the quality of life of the population.
Especially if people are insured by SENASA. It is necessary to insist on increased
members SENASA.
analyzing the situation of people with different abilities, excel in areas 2 and 1 is the highest percentage, with, respectively, 6.05 and 4.07%. Areas with lower percentages of persons who reported any limitations are the 3, with 1.02% and 7 with 1.15%. From a gender perspective in five of the nine areas being studied women prevail, with three areas where men are the main component of total people with disabilities.
The main constraint reported is the loss or permanent limitation in moving your legs that affects 21.65% of people who reported having some type of limitation. Follow the blindness in one eye, with an incidence equal to 10.31%, the delay or mental deficiency, to 9.28%, the blindness of the eyes, 4.12%. There was a 3.09% permanent loss or limitation of moving arms, a 2.06% of deafness and muteness 1.03%.
is important to note that there is still the custom of hiding the disabled because they are considered a negative stigma and exclusion.
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